Music: compose and save¶
Click the squares to write a tune. Time goes across, with 16 beats. Pitch goes up. The rows are the five notes of a pentatonic scale, which always sounds right. Tick "sargam" to use the swaras S R G m P D N S' instead. The tune loops on its own, and a white line sweeps along it. "save WAV" writes my_tune.wav, and "save poster" writes a PDF of the grid. (This one uses real time, so the picture changes from run to run.)
How it works¶
- cells[row][beat] is a grid of True and False. mouse_pressed() turns a mouse position into a row and a beat, and flips that square.
- rebuild() turns the grid into text for f.melody(): "-" for an empty beat, and a chord such as "[C4 E4]" for squares in the same column. In sargam mode, it adds sa=SA, tuning="just". Sa is the home note, and a swara is a note named from it.
- A soft low pulse on every fourth beat comes from f.tone() and f.sequence(). f.mix() adds the pulse to the notes. room() adds a little reverb, then folds its tail back onto the start, so the loop has no gap.
- A tune is made again 30 frames after your last click, so quick clicking does not rebuild it every time.
- f.create_button() and f.create_checkbox() make the controls. tune.is_playing() and tune.current_time() / STEP find the beat that is sounding.
- tune.save("my_tune.wav") writes the sound. f.save("grid_poster.pdf") writes the picture, after drawing the grid again on white.
Make it yours¶
- Change STEP. A smaller number is a faster tune.
- Change PENTATONIC to another scale. Try ["A3", "C4", "D4", "E4", "G4", "A4", "C5", "D5"].
- Change SA to "D4" and tick "sargam" to hear the swaras on a new Sa.
- Change START to write a different starting tune. Each pair is (beat, row).
- Change beat % 4 to beat % 2 for a faster pulse.
The code¶
Copy it into a file and run it.
"""Music: compose and save
Click the squares to write a tune. Time goes across, with 16 beats. Pitch goes up. The rows are
the five notes of a pentatonic scale, which always sounds right. Tick "sargam" to use the swaras
S R G m P D N S' instead. The tune loops on its own, and a white line sweeps along it. "save WAV"
writes my_tune.wav, and "save poster" writes a PDF of the grid.
How it works:
- cells[row][beat] is a grid of True and False. mouse_pressed() turns a mouse position into a row
and a beat, and flips that square.
- rebuild() turns the grid into text for f.melody(): "-" for an empty beat, and a chord such as
"[C4 E4]" for squares in the same column. In sargam mode, it adds sa=SA, tuning="just". Sa is the
home note, and a swara is a note named from it.
- A soft low pulse on every fourth beat comes from f.tone() and f.sequence(). f.mix() adds the
pulse to the notes. room() adds a little reverb, then folds its tail back onto the start, so the
loop has no gap.
- A tune is made again 30 frames after your last click, so quick clicking does not rebuild it every
time.
- f.create_button() and f.create_checkbox() make the controls. tune.is_playing() and
tune.current_time() / STEP find the beat that is sounding.
- tune.save("my_tune.wav") writes the sound. f.save("grid_poster.pdf") writes the picture, after
drawing the grid again on white.
Make it yours:
- Change STEP. A smaller number is a faster tune.
- Change PENTATONIC to another scale. Try ["A3", "C4", "D4", "E4", "G4", "A4", "C5", "D5"].
- Change SA to "D4" and tick "sargam" to hear the swaras on a new Sa.
- Change START to write a different starting tune. Each pair is (beat, row).
- Change beat % 4 to beat % 2 for a faster pulse.
"""
# gallery: time-dependent
import funground as f
COLUMNS = 16
ROWS = 8
STEP = 0.3 # seconds in one beat
TEMPO = 60 / STEP # f.melody() counts beats a minute
RATE = 44100
LOOP = round(COLUMNS * STEP * RATE) # the loop, in numbers
PENTATONIC = ["C4", "D4", "E4", "G4", "A4", "C5", "D5", "E5"]
SARGAM = ["S", "R", "G", "m", "P", "D", "N", "S'"]
SA = "C4"
LEFT, TOP, CELL = 60, 64, 31 # the grid: its left, its top and the size of a square
# a tune to begin with: (beat, row) pairs, row 0 is the lowest note
START = [(0, 2), (2, 3), (4, 4), (6, 3), (8, 5), (10, 4), (12, 3), (14, 2),
(0, 0), (4, 0), (8, 0), (12, 0), (8, 7), (9, 6), (10, 5)]
cells = [[False] * COLUMNS for _ in range(ROWS)] # cells[row][beat]
tune = None
changed_at = None # the frame of the last click that changed the tune
poster_next = False # set by the button, used in the next draw()
status = ""
status_until = 0
def room(sound):
"""A light reverb that rings on past the end, folded back onto the start so the loop has no gap."""
wet = sound.reverb(0.2).samples()
looped = wet[:LOOP] + [0.0] * (LOOP - len(wet))
for i, value in enumerate(wet[LOOP:]):
looped[i % LOOP] += value
return f.create_sound(looped)
def rebuild(start=False):
"""Make the loop from the grid: the notes, a pulse under them, and a room around both."""
global tune, changed_at
changed_at = None
sargam = sargam_box.checked()
names = SARGAM if sargam else PENTATONIC
words = []
for beat in range(COLUMNS):
chosen = [names[row] for row in range(ROWS) if cells[row][beat]]
if not chosen:
words.append("-")
else:
words.append("[" + " ".join(chosen) + "]")
if sargam:
notes = f.melody(" ".join(words), tempo=TEMPO, sa=SA, tuning="just")
else:
notes = f.melody(" ".join(words), tempo=TEMPO)
# the pulse: a soft low note on every fourth beat, a silence on the others
quiet = f.create_sound([0.0] * round(STEP * RATE))
low = f.note_to_frequency("C3")
pulse = f.sequence(*[f.tone(low, STEP, "sine", 0.3) if beat % 4 == 0 else quiet
for beat in range(COLUMNS)])
together = f.mix(notes, pulse)
was_playing = tune is not None and tune.is_playing()
if tune:
tune.stop()
tune = room(together)
tune.set_volume(0.8)
if was_playing or start:
tune.loop()
def clear_grid():
for row in cells:
for beat in range(COLUMNS):
row[beat] = False
def mouse_pressed():
global changed_at
column = int((f.mouse_x - LEFT) // CELL)
row = ROWS - 1 - int((f.mouse_y - TOP) // CELL)
if 0 <= column < COLUMNS and 0 <= row < ROWS and f.mouse_y >= TOP:
cells[row][column] = not cells[row][column]
changed_at = f.frame_count
def key_pressed():
if f.key == " ":
play_stop()
def play_stop():
if tune.is_playing():
tune.stop()
else:
tune.loop()
def say(message):
global status, status_until
status, status_until = message, f.frame_count + 240
def setup():
global sargam_box, play_button, clear_button, wav_button, poster_button, scale_was
f.size(560, 360)
sargam_box = f.create_checkbox("sargam (off: pentatonic)", False)
play_button = f.create_button("play / stop (space)")
clear_button = f.create_button("clear")
wav_button = f.create_button("save WAV")
poster_button = f.create_button("save poster")
for beat, row in START:
cells[row][beat] = True
scale_was = False
rebuild(start=True)
def draw_grid(sweeping, poster):
"""The grid. For the poster, it is drawn on white, with no sweep."""
sargam = sargam_box.checked()
names = SARGAM if sargam else PENTATONIC
f.text_align("right", "center")
f.text_size(13)
f.no_stroke()
for row in range(ROWS):
y = TOP + (ROWS - 1 - row) * CELL
f.fill("#444444" if poster else "#b8c4e6")
f.text(names[row], LEFT - 8, y + CELL / 2)
for beat in range(COLUMNS):
x = LEFT + beat * CELL
on = cells[row][beat]
if poster:
f.fill("#e8505b" if on else "#eeeeee")
elif on:
f.fill("gold" if beat == sweeping else "#e8505b")
else:
f.fill("#2b3a5e" if beat == sweeping else "#1d2742" if beat % 4 else "#25314f")
f.rect(x + 1, y + 1, CELL - 3, CELL - 3, 5)
def draw():
global changed_at, poster_next, scale_was
if scale_was != sargam_box.checked():
scale_was = sargam_box.checked()
rebuild()
if clear_button.clicked():
clear_grid()
rebuild()
if play_button.clicked():
play_stop()
if wav_button.clicked():
tune.save("my_tune.wav")
say("saved my_tune.wav")
if poster_button.clicked():
poster_next = True
if changed_at is not None and f.frame_count - changed_at > 30:
rebuild() # half a second after the last click
if poster_next:
# the poster: the same grid on white, with a title, then saved. The next frame is normal.
poster_next = False
f.background("white")
f.text_align("left", "top")
f.fill("#222222")
f.text_size(30)
f.text("My tune", LEFT, 12)
f.text_size(14)
f.fill("#666666")
f.text("16 beats, left to right. Higher squares are higher notes.", LEFT, 46)
draw_grid(-1, True)
f.save("grid_poster.pdf")
say("saved grid_poster.pdf")
return
f.background("#10162b")
f.text_align("left", "top")
f.no_stroke()
f.fill("white")
f.text_size(20)
f.text("Compose a tune", LEFT, 12)
f.text_size(13)
f.fill("#9fb4d8")
f.text("click a square to switch it on or off", LEFT, 40)
sweeping = -1
if tune.is_playing():
sweeping = min(COLUMNS - 1, int(tune.current_time() / STEP))
draw_grid(sweeping, False)
if sweeping >= 0: # the playhead
f.stroke("white")
f.stroke_width(2)
x = LEFT + sweeping * CELL + CELL / 2 - 1
f.line(x, TOP - 8, x, TOP + ROWS * CELL + 4)
f.no_stroke()
f.fill("#9fb4d8")
f.text_align("left", "top")
f.text("a tune is made again half a second after your last click", LEFT, TOP + ROWS * CELL + 10)
f.fill("gold" if f.frame_count < status_until else "#9fb4d8")
f.text(status if f.frame_count < status_until else "", LEFT, TOP + ROWS * CELL + 32)
f.run()